Toolchain
The nu+ toolchain is based on the LLVM project and includes a custom version of the Clang frontend and a native nu+ backend. The nu+ linker is based on MCLinker. In addition, Nu+ comes with an ELFtoHEX tool that takes in input the ELF file and builds memory images that can be loaded into memory.
Contents
Requirements for Nu+ toolchain
- cmake (we tested cmake 3.7.2 downloaded from https://cmake.org/download/)
- flex (we tested flex 2.6.0 downloaded using the advanced packaging tool, i.e. apt-get)
- bison (we tested bison 3.0.4 downloaded using the advanced packaging tool, i.e. apt-get)
- libz-dev (downloaded using the advanced packaging tool, i.e. apt-get)
How to compile the the Nu+ toolchain
To build the nu+ toolchain, you must launch ./setup_new.sh -n from a terminal in the compiler root folder. The script will create a new directory called build and will start building the compiler. By default the script tries to build the compiler using 4 threads. If you want to modify that, especially if your machine have less than 8GB of RAM, you can use the -t flag to specify the number of threads to use. Other information can be obtained by using the -h flag.
How to compile a kernel for the NuPlus architecture
Some kernels are provided with the standard release of the NuPlus toolchain. We provide makefile to compile these kernels for NuPlus. In case you want to add a new kernel, it is suggested to copy a kernel folder and replace C/C++ files with your own source code. Then, remember to modify the makefile updating the SRCS variable with the names of the C/C++ files you want to compile. When using these makefiles, different tools are called:
- Clang to emit the LLVM IR and the object files
- MCLINKER to handle the job of linking
- elf2hex to generate the HEX file from the ELF file
- llvm-objdump to generate the dump from the elf file
In order to change the optimization level of the compiler or any other flag, it is possible to modify the misc/NuPlus.mk (or misc/Makefile.nuplus if you are compiling a kernel for the MANGO project ) makefile.
How to compile the libraries for the NuPlus architecture
To compile the libraries you only have to execute ./setup_new.sh -l from a terminal in the NuPlusLLVM root folder. The script will automatically build the libraries. Note that you must have compiled the NuPlus compiler first.
The nu+ LLVM
The nu+ toolchain is based on the LLVM project and include:
- A cutom version of the Clang frontend
- A native nu+ backend
- Some external tools that are used by llvm, i.e. linker, disassembler, etc..
In addition, in order add the nu+ architecture inside llvm, a registration phase was required.
Testing
To test the code generation process, the LLVM testing infrastructure has been used.
The script "run_tests" can be used to run the nu+ testing suite. The main purpose is to perform regression test, so that it is possible to determine if a change in the back-end has negative consequences.
The tool used is the "llvm-lit", a python script that parses the test files and executes the testing commands.
The code generation tests are contained in "compiler/test/CodeGen/NuPlus" and cover the main LLVM IR operations. A code generation test file is a collection of function written in LLVM IR with commands directed to the llvm-lit and FileCheck tools. These commands are written as comments. The main commands used are RUN, CHECK and CHECK-LABEL.
The RUN line tells lit how to run the test. If there are no RUN lines, lit will issue an error while running a test. The line syntax is similar to a shell’s syntax for pipelines. To examine output to figure out if the test passes the FileCheck tool must be used.
The RUN line used for all the tests is:
; RUN: llc -march=nuplus < %s | FileCheck %sThis tells lit to run llc with nuplus architecture as target, to give the output file to the FileCheck tool.
The CHECK_LABEL and the CHECK lines are interpreted by the FileCheck tool. It compares the llc output file with the CHECK_LABEL and CHECK lines. The comparison is done in sequence, although there are directives that let the checking in not sequential order, see [1] for further informations.
Libraries
Nu+ is provided with different kind of libraries that are contained in the libs/ folder. For more information, check The nu+ libraries
